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This paper is a product of an National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) working group.

NCEAS supports cross-disciplinary research that uses existing data to address major fundamental issues in ecology and allied fields, and their application to management and policy.

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Authors:

Boris Worm	Ray Hilborn	Julia Baum	Trevor Branch	Jeremy Collie	Christopher Costello	Michael Fogarty
Elizabeth Fulton	Jeffrey Hutchings	Simon Jennings	Olaf Jensen	Heike Lotze	Pamela Mace	Tim McClanahan
Cóilín Minto	Stephen Palumbi	Ana Parma	Daniel Ricard	Andrew Rosenberg	Reg Watson	Dirk Zeller

Outside Commenters:

Authors

Boris Worm
Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
[email protected]
Mobile: +1 902 346 2112
Office: +1 902 494 2478

Ray Hilborn
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
[email protected]
Field Office (July 29-30): +1 907 842 5380
Radiophone (other times): +1 907 842 2534

Julia Baum University of California, San Diego / Scripps Institution of Oceanography [email protected]	Trevor Branch University of Washington, WA [email protected] Mobile: +1 206 450 2830 Office: +1 206 221 5457	Jeremy Collie University of Rhode Island, RI [email protected] Mobile: +1 401 782 3437 Office: +1 401 874 6859
Christopher Costello University of California, Santa Barbara, CA [email protected] Mobile: +1 805 450 9919 Office: +1 805 893 5802	Michael Fogarty National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [email protected] Mobile: +1 774 302 0781 Office: +1 508 495 2386	Elizabeth Fulton CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Australia [email protected] Mobile: +61 4 28564183 Office: +61 3 62325018
Jeffrey Hutchings Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada [email protected] Office: +1 902 494 2687	Simon Jennings Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), UK [email protected]	Olaf Jensen University of Washington [email protected]
Heike Lotze Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada [email protected] Mobile: +1 902 346 2112 Office: +1 902 494 3406	Pamela Mace New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries, Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] Mobile: +64 27 240 8262 Office: +64 4 819 4266	Tim McClanahan Wildlife Conservation Society, Mombasa, Kenya [email protected] Mobile: +254 734 774 225 Office: +254 725 546 822
Cóilín Minto Dalhousie University [email protected]	Stephen Palumbi Stanford University, CA [email protected] Office: +1 831 655 6214	Ana Parma Centro Nacional Patagónico, Puerto Madryn, Argentina [email protected] Office: +54 2965 451024 (Int. 229)
Daniel Ricard Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada [email protected] Office: +1 902 494 3910	Andrew Rosenberg University of New Hampshire, NH [email protected] Mobile: +1 603 767 9501 Office: +1 603 862 2020	Reg Watson University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada [email protected] Mobile: +61 424 019503
Dirk Zeller University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada [email protected] Office: +1 604 822 1950

Outside Commenters

Dr. John Beddington Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government Government Office for Science, United Kingdom +44 (0) 20 3300 8553 [email protected]	"This is an extremely important paper which shows not only the serious problems that fisheries are facing, but affords sensible insights into the way these problems need to be addressed, not just by scientific input, but by political will. The importance of fisheries to the world economy is often underestimated, but in terms of world production of livestock in agriculture, fisheries is a very substantial proportion of that production. It is therefore imperative, in a world with an increasing population, threatened by potential shortages of food, water and energy, and increasingly by climate change, that we get the management of fisheries right. This paper is an important contribution to that task."
Dr. Steve Murawksi Director of Scientific Programs and Chief Science Advisor National Marine Fisheries Service (301) 713-2339 office (301) 404-7619 mobile [email protected]	"This study clearly demonstrates that in both developing and developed parts of the world, if fishery exploitation rates are reduced sufficiently, species and their ecosystems have the capacity to recover. The study drew together two scientific approaches, one focused on conservation of marine communities and the other focused on the science of fishery population dynamics. The result is a product that has profound importance in the design of management systems to achieve diverse goals for conserving and using marine ecosystems."
Dr. Daniel Pauly Professor, UBC Fisheries Centre and Zoology Department Principal Investigator, Sea Around Us Project (604) 822 1201 [email protected]	"This work shows very convincingly that researchers, as a rule, understand marine ecosystems and fisheries well enough to design effective remedies to overfishing. What is mostly lacking, and sorely needed nowadays, is the political support to apply these remedies to the many fisheries that still operate as if there were no tomorrow."
Dr. Keith Sainsbury CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship in Hobart, Australia Office: +61 417308480 Mobile: +61 362291767 [email protected]	"At last we have a comprehensive scientific examination of the controversy that has been reverberating for the last decade about the state of fisheries in the world. That is looking backwards. And looking forward it both opens up new ecosystem-oriented methods for scientific assessment of fisheries and provides guidance and encouragement for fishing industries and regulators."

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MMSY is "Multi-species maximum sustainable yield" - it is the level at which an ecosystem can maximally sustain fisheries yield across a number of species, not just one. Fishing below MMSY provides ecosystems with a chance to recover. PLEASE NOTE: Alaska (the East Bering Sea in particular) has never been fished above MMSY.

Fish Photos

Brown tiger prawn (Penaeus escutentus). Image enhanced and made available through a project jointly funded by the Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and CSIRO. Credit to CSIRO.

Fish market, Rome. Credit to John Everett, Oceansart.us/Marine Photobank, http://www.OceansArt.us.

Mackerel - Scomber scombrus. Credit to Emily Howgate.

Red snapper. Credit to Jean-François Chénier - Flickr Creative Commons license.

Tiger flathead (Platycephalus richardsoni). Image enhanced and made available through a project jointly funded by the Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation and CSIRO. Credit to CSIRO.

Small haddock, whiting and cod - often bycatch in the south North Sea. Credit to Sascha Regmann/Project Blue Sea/MarinePhotobank.

Fishing and Fishermen - Africa

Woman selling fish, Kenya. Credit to Josh Cinner.

Fishermen and their catch, Kenya. Credit to Josh Cinner.

Fishermen working nets in the waves, Kenya. Credit to Josh Cinner.

Fishermen going over catch, Kenya. Credit to Josh Cinner.

Silhouette of fisherman poling. Credit to Alles-Schlumpf - Creative Commons Licence - Attribution, NonCommercial, Share Alike.

Local fishing boats, Kenya. Credit to Josh Cinner.

Fisherman with swordfish. Malindi - Kenya - January 2006. Credit to Cristian Ravalli - Creative Commons Licence - Attribution, NonCommerical, No Derivative Works.

Fishing and Fishermen - Australia/Asia

Demersal sampling nets on the deck of an Australian fishing vessel. Credit to CSIRO.

Australian fishing vessel with nets hanging to dry. Credit to CSIRO.

CSIRO's Dr. Cathy Belman inspecting a trawl of orange roughy in the Australian Fishing Zone in the late 1980s. Australia's orange roughy fishery has since been highly constrained. Credit to Rudy Kloser, CSIRO.

New Zealand fishing boats and operations. Credit to New Zealand Seafood Industry Council.

String of fishing nets on the Vyapeen Islands, India. Credit to Anoop Negi - Creative Commons Licence - Attribution, NonCommercial, Share Alike.

Fishing and Fishermen - Europe

Fishermen working the MSC-certified mackerel, herring and Dover sole fisheries dover sole fishery, Hastings UK. Credit to ©MSC/Marine Photobank.

Fishing nets laid out on the sea front at Leigh on Sea, UK. Credit to Gary Knight - Creative Commons Licence - Attribution, NonCommercial, Share Alike.

Fishing boat and gear at dock, Iceland. Credit to Niklas Sjöblom - Creative Commons Licence - Attribution, NonCommerical.

Fishing and Fishermen - North America

Guitarra (Rhinobatus productus) fishery in Sonora, Mexico. Credit to Marcia Moreno-Baez/Marine Photobank.

Cluster of fishing boats in Comox, British Columbia, Canada. Credit to Zoë Jackson - Creative Commons Licence - Attribution, NonCommercial, Share Alike.

Fishing boat and ropes, Peggy's Cove. Credit to Bob Huberman - Creative Commons Licence - Attribution, NonCommercial, No Derivative Works.

Pike Place Market (1907), 1501 Pike Place, Seattle, Washington Credit to Steve Minor - Creative Commons Licence - Attribution, NonCommercial, No Derivative Works.

Fishing and Fishermen - South America

Fishing boats. Puerto de Caldera, Región de Atacama Chile. Credit to Javier Rubilar - Creative Commons Licence - Attribution, Share Alike.

Last Updated: 2022-07-01